NAD+

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme central to cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function, and the activity of sirtuins and PARP enzymes. Not technically a peptide but commonly grouped with them in the longevity supplement literature.

Mechanism

• Sirtuin activation. Serves as a substrate for sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1-7) involved in gene regulation and stress response.
• Mitochondrial function. Required for electron transport chain function and ATP production.
• DNA-repair signaling. Substrate for PARP enzymes involved in DNA damage response.

Common research protocols

Dosing information below reflects published research literature. It is not medical advice and is not a treatment plan.

• Common research use. Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Also administered IV in clinical settings.

Evidence at a glance

• Human data. Multiple studies on NAD+ precursors (NR, NMN) show tissue NAD+ elevation; direct NAD+ injection is less well characterized.

Reconstitution & handling

Lyophilized peptides ship as freeze-dried powder. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water; refrigerate the reconstituted vial. Use the reconstitution calculator to get syringe-unit readings for your target dose. General reconstitution and syringe guidance in the How It Works page.

Primary-literature list for this guide available on request via contact.