MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, discovered by the Cohen lab (USC). It is one of a class of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) with signaling activity in metabolic homeostasis.

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Mechanism

• AMPK activation. Studied for activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, a central metabolic sensor.
• Insulin sensitivity. Preclinical evidence for improved glucose disposal in animal models.

Common research protocols

MOTS-c research protocols are not standardized — no published human RCT has established a dose-response curve, so the ranges below are drawn from the available pharmacokinetic and preclinical literature plus the most consistently cited community research conventions. They are grouped by aggression level so a lower-total-exposure starting point is easy to identify. All administration is subcutaneous.

Evidence at a glance

• Human data. Circulating MOTS-c levels correlate inversely with metabolic dysfunction in observational studies. Exogenous administration is early-stage.

Reconstitution & handling

Lyophilized peptides ship as freeze-dried powder. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water; refrigerate the reconstituted vial. Use the reconstitution calculator to get syringe-unit readings for your target dose. General reconstitution and syringe guidance in the How We Work page.

Primary-literature list for this guide available on request via contact.