Glutathione

Glutathione is a tripeptide (glutamate-cysteine-glycine) synthesized endogenously in nearly every cell in the body. It is the primary intracellular antioxidant, and is studied for its role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species and supporting phase-II liver detoxification.

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Mechanism

• Redox buffering. The thiol group on its cysteine residue donates electrons to neutralize free radicals, cycling between reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) states.
• Detoxification conjugation. Glutathione-S-transferase enzymes conjugate glutathione to xenobiotics and heavy metals for excretion.
• Pigmentation research. Studied for inhibition of tyrosinase activity, a pathway relevant to melanin synthesis.

Common research protocols

Dosing information below reflects published research literature. It is not medical advice and is not a treatment plan.

• Route. Subcutaneous injection.
• Common research use. Studied at a range of doses from 300 mg to 1500+ mg per session, several times weekly, given oral bioavailability of unmodified glutathione is poor.

Evidence at a glance

• Regulatory status. Not FDA-approved as a standalone therapeutic; available as a dietary supplement in oral form and studied clinically at higher doses.
• What we do not know. Long-term outcome data at research-grade dosing; optimal dosing interval to sustain intracellular glutathione levels.

Reconstitution & handling

Lyophilized peptides ship as freeze-dried powder. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water; refrigerate the reconstituted vial. Use the reconstitution calculator to get syringe-unit readings for your target dose. General reconstitution and syringe guidance in the How We Work page.

Primary-literature list for this guide available on request via contact.